Ilich: Air quality forecast

Major sources of anthropogenic emissions of NO2 are combustion processes (heating, power generation, and engines in vehicles and ships). Epidemiological studies have shown that symptoms of bronchitis in asthmatic children may increase due to long-term exposure to NO2. Reducted lung function is also associated with NO2.

Particles that are larger than 2.5 micrometers can be deposited in airways, leading to health issues. Exposure can result in eye and throat irritation, coughing or difficulty breathing, and aggravated asthma. More frequent and excessive exposure can result in more serious health effects.

SO2 is a colorless gas with a sharp odor. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulfur. The main anthropogenic source of SO2 is the burning of sulfur-containing fossil fuels for domestic heating, power generation, and motor vehicles. It can affect the respiratory system and the functions of the lungs and causes irritation of the eyes. Inflammation of the respiratory tract causes coughing, mucus secretion, aggravation of asthma and chronic bronchitis and makes people more prone to infections of the respiratory tract.

Ground-level ozone is a major component of photochemical smog. It is formed from the photochemical (sunlight-induced) reactions with pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx, emitted from vehicles and industry) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, emitted from vehicles, solvents, and industry). Ozone can cause problems breathing, trigger asthma, reduce lung function, and lead to lung disease.

Inhalable pollutant particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers can enter the lungs and bloodstream, leading to serious health issues. The most severe impact is on the lungs and the heart. Exposure can result in coughing or difficulty breathing, aggravated asthma, and the development of chronic respiratory disease.