Click this link to discover the essential characteristics of El Niño and La Niña. Understand the fundamental distinctions between these two climatic events.

### Introduction

The dance between El Niño and La Niña, two significant climatic phenomena, is all about the geographic distribution of heat: it shapes the weather patterns around the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Niño emerges as a warming phase in the Eastern and Equatorial Pacific, while its counterpart, La Niña, brings anomalous heat to the Western and Tropical Pacific.

Together, they partake in a global rhythm that affects the Equatorial Pacific Ocean and extends its reach to the South American coastlines and the broader Pacific. This delicate equilibrium is pivotal to understanding the climatic intricacies that drive atmospheric circulation, forest fires, rainfall patterns, and even fish crop across our planet.

### What are El Niño and La Niña?

El Niño is characterized by the abnormal warming of ocean waters in the central and eastern Pacific, while La Niña is identified by the abnormal cooling of these same waters.

These irregular cycles are not just oceanic events; they resonate globally. Their influences extend far beyond their Pacific origin, dictating weather alterations across continents. The irregular nature of El Niño and La Niña means that they aren’t always in full swing: some years are actually free of anomalies. Nevertheless, recognizing the heating caused by El Niño and the cooling caused by La Niña is essential for predicting and understanding the vast array of meteorological impacts they induce.

### Characteristics of El Niño and La Niña

The defining traits of El Niño and La Niña, two formidable climatic phenomena, hinge on three key characteristics: 

- Duration
- Intensity
- Typical onset dates

El Niño episodes often present with elevated sea surface temperatures that persist for several months, manifesting an intensity that can alter global weather patterns. In contrast, La Niña is noted for a cooling phase that can endure beyond the span of a year, underscoring the formidable magnitude of its impact.

The initiation of these episodes follows a natural, yet unpredictable cadence, with El Niño typically beginning in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean around late spring of the Southern Hemisphere. La Niña, often following El Niño’s lead, tends to emerge during autumn. This rhythm of heating and cooling significantly influences seasonal weather patterns, from intensifying rainfall to prolonging droughts, demonstrating a powerful sway over the Earth’s atmospheric systems.

### Causes of El Niño and La Niña

Both El Niño and La Niña are deeply rooted in the dynamics of the Pacific Ocean and the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly through the interplay of trade winds, thermocline variations, and oceanic upwelling. Trade winds typically blow westward across the Tropical Pacific, piling up warm surface waters in the west and allowing cooler waters to rise near South America, a process known as upwelling. 
During El Niño, these winds weaken or may even reverse, reducing upwelling and causing a shallow thermocline, leading to an extensive warming of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. This shift in heat distribution disrupts the Walker circulation, a pattern of atmospheric circulation that normally sees air rising in the warm west and falling in the cooler east, thus impacting weather systems on a global scale. West Pacific is particularly impacted, manifesting in less precipitation in countries like Indonesia, Australia, and the Philippines.
On the flip side, La Niña occurs when these trade winds strengthen beyond their normal intensity, enhancing the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich waters along the equatorial Pacific. This process deepens the thermocline and expands the area of cooler water at the surface. The strengthened Walker circulation cells during La Niña can lead to drought in the Eastern Pacific and increased rainfall in the Western Pacific.


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![Source: www.climate-science.press](https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-weather/10931474/TbIGvsjzeLKsqXslHvgk/orig)

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Source: www.climate-science.press 
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These complex interactions between the ocean and atmosphere during El Niño and La Niña episodes influence the local weather and trigger a cascade of effects that can alter global climate patterns. This includes shifts in jet streams, variations in storm tracks, and the distribution of heat and precipitation around the planet. As such, the study of these phenomena is crucial for forecasting weather and understanding the broader impacts on ecosystems, agriculture, water resources, and human societies.

### Effects and Consequences

El Niño and La Niña exert profound global impacts, yielding a range of consequences that touch every corner of the Earth. Their influence is most noticeable in altered temperatures and precipitation patterns, which go on to dictate not only the health of natural ecosystems but also the viability of human activities such as agriculture and fishing.

During El Niño, the warming of the Pacific Ocean can lead to increased rainfall in some regions while causing drought in others. In agricultural terms, this can result in decreased yields in drought-stricken areas, while potentially boosting growth where the rains are bountiful. However, too much rain can also be bad news for mountainous regions like Peru. The fishing industry also feels the impact, as warmer waters disrupt marine life’s food chains and habitats, often leading to poor catches.

Conversely, La Niña typically promotes cooler atmospheric conditions and increases the intensity and frequency of rainfall in places such as the Western Pacific and the Northeast of South America. This can benefit crops that depend on water, but excessive rainfall can also cause devastating floods that destroy crops and infrastructure. In the fishing industry, the cooler waters associated with La Niña can lead to an abundance of marine life in certain areas as nutrient-rich cold water rises to the surface.

The economic effects of these climatic events are significant. They can lead to fluctuations in commodity prices, influence energy demand, and require businesses to adapt their strategies to cope with the variable supply of raw materials and goods. The uncertainty and risk associated with El Niño and La Niña underscore the need for businesses to have access to accurate climate forecasts.

In light of these challenges, it is crucial for companies to stay informed and prepared. Understanding the potential business implications of these phenomena is key to mitigating risks and capitalizing on opportunities. For a deeper dive into how El Niño and La Niña could impact your business and for tailored strategies to navigate these meteorological challenges, contact us to book a consultation with our expert meteorologists at [Meteum. Weather Solutions for Business](meteum.ai/b2b). Our team can provide you with the insights and forecasts necessary to make informed decisions, protect your interests, and drive your business forward in any climate.

### El Niño and La Niña in Brazil

El Niño and La Niña distinctly mark their presence in Brazil, a country with a tapestry of climates and terrains. In Brazil, El Niño is often synonymous with drought in the Northeast and floods in the South. The scarcity of rain in the North hampers agriculture, strains water resources, and challenges daily life. Conversely, the South sees heavy rains, resulting in floods that overflow rivers, damage crops, and displace communities.

La Niña brings a contrasting touch to the Brazilian climate. It typically alleviates the dry conditions in the Northeast, offering some respite to the parched lands, yet it can also mean less rainfall for the South, occasionally leading to water shortages and impacting hydroelectric power generation.

With its economic hub São Paulo, the Southeast experiences irregular patterns during these periods, which can affect the region’s powerhouse status by influencing water supply and energy production. The ebb and flow of these phenomena underscore the need for regional resilience and adaptive strategies to weather the effects of these powerful climatic forces. Understanding these patterns is vital for Brazil's preparedness and response to the environmental and economic challenges posed by El Niño and La Niña.

### Conclusion

In conclusion, El Niño and La Niña serve as pivotal forces in the global climatic narrative, each with distinct characteristics, causes, and far-reaching effects. They orchestrate changes in weather patterns that extend well beyond their Pacific epicenter, influencing temperatures, precipitation, and the livelihoods of communities worldwide. 

As we unravel the complexities of these phenomena, we glean a deeper understanding of Earth’s intricate weather systems, equipping us to anticipate and respond to their profound environmental and socioeconomic impacts. Their study is not merely academic but a necessity for a world that must adapt to an ever-changing climatic stage.

### FAQ

### What are El Niño and La Niña?
El Niño and La Niña are climatic events characterized by significant temperature deviations in the Pacific Ocean, impacting global weather patterns.

### What is the El Niño effect?
The El Niño effect refers to the extensive warming of the Pacific Ocean waters, influencing atmospheric circulation and climate anomalies worldwide.

### How do El Niño and La Niña influence climate?
These phenomena alter global climate patterns, causing variations in precipitation and temperature, leading to extreme weather events across different continents.

### Which is better, El Niño or La Niña?
“Better” is subjective; each phenomenon has distinct impacts, with El Niño typically associated with warming and La Niña with cooling global weather patterns.


El Niño and La Niña: What They Are, Differences

When will the full moon and new moon occur in November? Forecast of astronomical events for the month.

Telling about the most significant astronomical events of November 2023.

Confrontations, coverings, planet alignments, meteor showers, new moon, and full moon — we've gathered all the astronomical events that we'll be able to observe throughout the last month of autumn! The most notable ones will be the Leonid meteor shower, Beaver Moon, comet approaching Earth, as well as the visibility of Jupiter. 

We would like to remind you that it's better to observe all these phenomena outside the city - away from artificial light sources. To plan your trip, you can use the Meteum [weather radar](https://meteum.ai/weather/en-US/maps/nowcast?via=hnav)  - the map shows real-time cloud movement, and you can always check whether you should bring an umbrella.

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![Источник: Шедеврум/](https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-weather/5278294/ooyAPynveIycuJKtLKgi/orig)


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Source: AI-powered image

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</figure>



**November 3:**  Jupiter opposition - the planet will be on the opposite side of the Sun (relative to Earth) and will shine brightly in the night sky. When observed with the naked eye, Jupiter will appear as a bright dot, so it's better to have a telescope or binoculars handy.

**November 6:**  Southern Taurids' peak - its intensity will be about five meteors per hour. Falling stars can be observed until midnight.

**November 9:** Moon passes 1°0 from Venus, lunar occultation of Venus, which will be visible in the western part of Russia, Europe, Greenland, Africa and Asia. 

**November 10:** Comet C/2023 H2 (Lemmon) at its closest approach to Earth. It may reach a magnitude of 6.3 and will be well visible in binoculars in the evening sky. To locate it, look for the constellations Hercules, Aquila, Capricornus, and Southern Pisces.

**November 13:** Northern Taurids meteor shower peak - up to five meteors per hour are expected. 

**November 13:** New Moon

**November 14:** Uranus opposition. Its magnitude will reach 5.6. The planet can be seen until midnight, but a telescope is needed to observe it.

**November 18:** Leonid's peak - the most intense meteor shower in November. Up to 10 meteors per hour are expected. The radiant will be in the constellation Leo. Conditions for observation are most favorable as the Moon will only be waxing and won't overshadow the Leonids.

**November 21:**  Alpha Monocerotids meteor shower peak, astronomers predict very weak visibility.

**November 25:**  The Moon will pass close to Jupiter. 

**November 27:**  Full Beaver Moon - a bright full moon.

**November 28:** Orionids' peak - a rather weak meteor shower with an intensity of only about three meteors per hour, but they will be poorly visible due to the full moon.



New Moon and the most intense meteor shower - astronomical events of November 2023

Understanding UV Radiation and Protecting Against Its Hazards

Sunlight plays a crucial role in life on our planet; however, excessive exposure can lead to harmful consequences. To assess the level of UV radiation in a specific area and take precautionary measures, scientists have developed a special UV index. Here, we explain what it is and how to protect yourself from varying intensities of ultraviolet rays.
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 ![Source: thehealthjournals.com/](https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-weather/10931474/rRgujELJroruJUbFRTCo/orig)

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Source: thehealthjournals.com
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</figure> 

### The Power of Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet radiation greatly influences our biosphere. Sunlight aids in plant photosynthesis and helps humans produce essential Vitamin D. However, prolonged exposure to UV rays can pose health threats. Scientists categorize UV light based on its effects on living organisms:

— UV-A: The safest for skin, these rays have the longest wavelength and contribute to Vitamin D synthesis.

— UV-B: Medium wavelength rays that can cause sunburns and health complications.

— UV-C: The most harmful, capable of causing skin cancer and other severe illnesses.

The shorter the wavelength, the more intense the UV effect. Though UV-C has the shortest wavelength, Earth's atmosphere shields us from most of it.

UV radiation's strength and makeup depend on several factors, like latitude, time of day, altitude, cloud cover, and environmental conditions.

### Exposure: From Beaches to Cities
For the most UV protection, remain indoors during peak sun hours and venture out after sunset. While not feasible for most, especially summer vacationers, it's vital to gauge potential risks and have protective measures in place.

At the beach, the sea water reflects UV rays, amplifying their intensity. Unfortunately, many beachgoers expose significant skin areas, particularly dangerous in equatorial regions with high UV intensity.

High altitudes in the mountains are also UV-prone areas. As altitude increases, proximity to the sun reduces the time UV rays take to reach you. Moreover, snow and ice reflect sunlight, intensifying UV radiation.

Even if you're spending the summer in the city, hazards persist. UV rays can reflect off vehicles, roads, metallic structures, and large glass-paneled buildings. Wide city streets sometimes offer little shade, posing direct exposure threats.
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![Source: summitmedical.com/](https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-weather/10931474/DJOBRrAlEhPlOkDaQXPg/orig)

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Source: summitmedical.com
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</figure> 

### Understanding the UV Index & Protective Measures
The UV index, developed by scientists, measures UV radiation intensity:

— Low (0–2): Minimal sunburn risk; no protective measures required.

— Moderate (3–5): Slight sunburn risk; use sunblock (SPF 15+) and UV-protective sunglasses.

— High (6–7): Elevated sunburn risk; apply high-SPF sunblock, wear protective clothing, and avoid direct sunlight from 10 AM-4 PM.

— Very High (8–10): Significant sunburn risk; use SPF 50 sunblock and minimize sun exposure between 10 AM-4 PM.

— Extreme (11+): Acute sunburn threat; maximize sun protection. Exposed skin and eyes can suffer within minutes.

You can check your area's current UV index on our website in the detailed forecast. On sunny days, always review the UV index. If elevated, apply sunblock and avoid direct sunlight.

Sunlight and UV Dangers: A Guide to Safe Exposure

Their formation, locations, and some of history's most destructive occurrences.

Nature is full of astonishing phenomena! There are the beautiful ones like rainbows, silvery clouds, and halos, and then there are the terrifying ones. We recently wrote about volcanic eruptions - it's horrifying to imagine cities being engulfed by molten lava. But there are other equally shocking spectacles - fire tornadoes.

Today, we discuss the reasons behind these phenomena and end by showcasing some of the most devastating examples.
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![Source: fireman.club/](https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-weather/5325396/ioKYsJSzpJANKlGtDlRq/orig)

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Source: fireman.club

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</figure>
### How They Form
A fire tornado originates when several large fire sources combine. The heated air above them becomes less dense and rapidly rises. Cooler air currents from the surrounding area replace it at ground level, further fanning the flames. The more intense the fire and the rising air above it, the faster these currents become.

Due to the centripetal motion and high wind speeds, various objects can be drawn into the fire's epicenter – from dust to trees ripped out by the wind. Above this center, burning particles spiral upwards, dragging flames with them and forming fiery columns. Some can reach heights of over 1 km.

The temperature of these whirlwinds ranges around 1000-1500 °C. Another risk they pose is their ability to "shoot" burning debris, leading to new fires nearby.

Because of the rapid ascent of air, together with fire tornadoes, a unique type of cloud usually forms - the pyrocumulus or pyrocumulonimbus clouds. We will discuss these in one of our upcoming articles.

### Where They Occur
Tornadoes can emerge anywhere extensive fires take place; they have no specific geography. For instance, in recent years, they've been frequently spotted in areas affected by intense forest fires - in the USA, Australia, Russia, Japan, and European countries.
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![Source: belta.by/](https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-weather/5257675/ZEDLttSqVduRBLDQdJZM/orig)

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Source: belta.by
</figcaption>
</figure>
### Examples of Fire Tornadoes
— 1923, Japan: In just 15 minutes, a fire tornado resulting from an earthquake and the fires it caused throughout Tokyo took the lives of about 40,000 people.

— 1941-1945, World War II: Due to bombings during the war, heated tornadoes raged often. One of the largest was a tornado in Hamburg in 1943. Sparked by a massive citywide fire from bombings and reaching heights of nearly 500 meters, it led to the death of around 40,000 people. In 1945, in Dresden, a fire tornado claimed more than 20,000 lives. In that same year in Kobe, Japan, a fiery tornado took 7,000 lives. Later, a similar tornado occurred in Hiroshima after the nuclear strike.

— 2011, Hungary: A tornado emerged during a fire at a plastics manufacturing plant and completely destroyed the facility.

— 2012, Australia: Fire tornadoes in this hot country are almost an annual occurrence. In 2012, a tornado formed precisely where director Chris Tendji was filming. He managed to capture the terrifying phenomenon on film.

— 2023, Chile: This disaster led to the death of over 20 people and the destruction of 800 homes.

We wish you only wonderful natural phenomena! Remember, to choose the best day for stargazing or to plan an extended trip out of town to admire spring-summer clouds, our precipitation map can assist you.

Fire Tornadoes: Nature's Fiery Spectacle

The role of natural factors in amplifying or mitigating air pollution.

In environmental issues, industry is often the primary scapegoat. However, nature itself can exacerbate pollution: due to various weather conditions, harmful emissions can either accumulate in one area or spread widely. Details in our post.

### Wind and Atmospheric Pressure
Air is constantly moving, spreading pollutants from one place to another and even across borders. For example, acid rains in Sweden are caused by sulfur and nitrogen oxides carried by winds from UK and German industries. Asia faces its own weather phenomenon - yellow dust. Powerful spring winds pick up dust particles from the Gobi Desert located in China and Mongolia and sweep it over the Korean Peninsula and Japan.

Within industrial hubs, even a low wind speed can pose a threat. At speeds of 1–2 m/s, toxic substances from ventilation systems settle on the ground, and at 4–6 m/s, from large power plants. The direction matters too; wind blowing from factories towards city centers will lead to pollution.

The most dangerous situation is a calm associated with a high-pressure area or anticyclone. Pollutants remain near the ground, trapped in one region. Conversely, in low-pressure areas or cyclones, swirling currents rise and precipitation occurs, scattering or washing away pollutants.

### Air Temperature and Humidity
Temperature affects air movement: warmer, lighter currents rise and cooler, denser ones sink, a phenomenon called convection. Which pollutants travel depends on seasonal weather.

### Cold Weather Impact
In cold seasons, exhaust fumes and smoke are more noticeable. One might wonder whether it’s just more visible or if there's more pollution. The answer is both. Firstly, exhausts are a mix of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, warm steam, and harmful impurities. We see condensed water droplets when steam hits cold temperatures. Moreover, during late autumn and winter, vehicles often idle, burning extra fuel and producing more emissions.

Secondly, even if industrial waste remains constant throughout the year, there's more heating during colder months, releasing carbon monoxide and other toxic hydrocarbons.

Temperature inversions can exacerbate the situation. Typically, warm air rises, carrying pollutants that disperse over large areas. But sometimes, a layer of unusually cold air forms at the ground with warmer air above, preventing the cold air from rising. This traps pollutants below, resulting in smog.

### Heat Impact
During hot periods, ground-level ozone accumulates in cities and rural areas. In the stratosphere, this gas protects against ultraviolet rays, but at ground level, it's harmful. It's advisable to stay indoors during extreme heat, tracking hourly forecasts on our service. Luckily, summer often brings seasonal thunderstorms. Scientists note that high humidity helps break down ozone, so rain reduces it, and clouds inhibit its production.

May the air in your city be pure and your mood cloudless!

Air Pollution: Beyond Human Causes

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Ежегодно Земля проходит сквозь шлейф пыли, который оставила комета 109/Свифта-Туттля. В&nbsp;эти ночи в&nbsp;небе видно сгорающие в&nbsp;атмосфере метеоры. В&nbsp;ночь с&nbsp;12&nbsp;на 13&nbsp;августа их&nbsp;будет больше всего.

Подробности — в новости Московского планетария

Пик звездопада Персеиды

21&nbsp;июня в&nbsp;Севером полушарии&nbsp;&mdash; летнее солнцестояние. После него продолжительность светового дня начнёт потихоньку сокращаться.

Сегодня солнцестояние — самый длинный день года

Ежегодно в&nbsp;период с&nbsp;19&nbsp;апреля по&nbsp;28&nbsp;мая Земля проходит сквозь шлейф пыли, который оставила комета Галлея. В&nbsp;эти ночи в&nbsp;небе видно сгорающие в&nbsp;атмосфере метеоры.&nbsp;6&nbsp;мая в&nbsp;17:00&nbsp;МСК их&nbsp;будет больше всего.

Подробнее — на сайте Планетария

Второй весенний звездопад — Майские Аквариды

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **0,6&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **6,8&deg;С**. 

 16 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;8&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;22,5&deg;С**) был установлен 1987 году. 

 12 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **25&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**32,9&deg;С**) был установлен 2007 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **244 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **112 мм**. 

 29 мая выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **37,3 мм**, что составляет **68%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 3 мая, последний снег выпал 19 апреля.

Подробности на канале Яндекс.Погоды

Итоги весны 2020

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **0,6&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **5,4&deg;С**. 

 15 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;6&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;22,3&deg;С**) был установлен 1969 году. 

 27 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **22&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**32,7&deg;С**) был установлен 2014 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **119 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **5 мм**. 

 5 марта выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **17 мм**, что составляет **49%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Последний снег выпал 29 апреля.

Интересные факты о погоде тут

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **3,2&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **7,2&deg;С**. 

 6 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;13&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;30,4&deg;С**) был установлен 1971 году. 

 9 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **27&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**32,3&deg;С**) был установлен 2015 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **77 мм**, что меньше климатической нормы на **17 мм**. 

 17 марта выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **6 мм**, что составляет **30%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 13 апреля, последний снег выпал 2 мая.

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **1&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **6,3&deg;С**. 

 23 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;8&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;24,8&deg;С**) был установлен 1983 году. 

 5 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **27&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**32,1&deg;С**) был установлен 2007 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **196 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **79 мм**. 

 24 мая выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **22 мм**, что составляет **48%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 8 мая, последний снег выпал 23 апреля.

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **2,2&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **7,2&deg;С**. 

 25 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;8&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;27&deg;С**) был установлен 1983 году. 

 9 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **28&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**33&deg;С**) был установлен 2007 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **175 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **75 мм**. 

 9 марта выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **23 мм**, что составляет **73%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 27 мая, последний снег выпал 23 апреля.

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **5,6&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **8,6&deg;С**. 

 7 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;18&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;32,8&deg;С**) был установлен 1971 году. 

 25 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **34&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**35,4&deg;С**) был установлен 2004 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **74 мм**, что соответствует климатической норме. 

 29 апреля выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **23 мм**, что составляет **97%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 18 мая, последний снег выпал 8 апреля.

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **2,5&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **7&deg;С**. 

 6 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;15&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;33,5&deg;С**) был установлен 1971 году. 

 27 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **31&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**32,5&deg;С**) был установлен 2014 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **143 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **34 мм**. 

 20 марта выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **11 мм**, что составляет **34%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Последний снег выпал 25 апреля.

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **2,6&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **5,9&deg;С**. 

 6 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;14&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;31,6&deg;С**) был установлен 2013 году. 

 9 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **28&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**30,8&deg;С**) был установлен 2015 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **173 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **55 мм**. 

 22 мая выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **43 мм**, что составляет **80%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 10 мая, последний снег выпал 28 апреля.

Эта весна теплее климатической нормы на **1,4&deg;С**. Средняя темпeратура составила **8,9&deg;С**. 

 24 марта зафиксирована минимальная температура: **&minus;6&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**&minus;24,2&deg;С**) был установлен 1985 году. 

 29 мая зафиксирована максимальная температура: **28&deg;С**, абсолютный рекорд для этого месяца (**35,6&deg;С**) был установлен 2007 году. 

 Общее количество осадков за 3 месяца **123 мм**, что больше климатической нормы на **6 мм**. 

 22 марта выпало максимальное количество осадков за сутки: **9 мм**, что составляет **27%** от&nbsp;месячной нормы. 

 Первая гроза прогремела 5 мая, последний снег выпал 15 апреля.

Ежегодно Земля проходит сквозь шлейф пыли, который оставила знаменитая комета Галлея. В&nbsp;эти ночи в&nbsp;небе видно сгорающие в&nbsp;атмосфере метеоры. В&nbsp;ночь с&nbsp;21&nbsp;на 22&nbsp;октября их&nbsp;будет больше всего.