Understanding UV Radiation and Protecting Against Its Hazards

Sunlight plays a crucial role in life on our planet; however, excessive exposure can lead to harmful consequences. To assess the level of UV radiation in a specific area and take precautionary measures, scientists have developed a special UV index. Here, we explain what it is and how to protect yourself from varying intensities of ultraviolet rays.
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### The Power of Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet radiation greatly influences our biosphere. Sunlight aids in plant photosynthesis and helps humans produce essential Vitamin D. However, prolonged exposure to UV rays can pose health threats. Scientists categorize UV light based on its effects on living organisms:

— UV-A: The safest for skin, these rays have the longest wavelength and contribute to Vitamin D synthesis.

— UV-B: Medium wavelength rays that can cause sunburns and health complications.

— UV-C: The most harmful, capable of causing skin cancer and other severe illnesses.

The shorter the wavelength, the more intense the UV effect. Though UV-C has the shortest wavelength, Earth's atmosphere shields us from most of it.

UV radiation's strength and makeup depend on several factors, like latitude, time of day, altitude, cloud cover, and environmental conditions.

### Exposure: From Beaches to Cities
For the most UV protection, remain indoors during peak sun hours and venture out after sunset. While not feasible for most, especially summer vacationers, it's vital to gauge potential risks and have protective measures in place.

At the beach, the sea water reflects UV rays, amplifying their intensity. Unfortunately, many beachgoers expose significant skin areas, particularly dangerous in equatorial regions with high UV intensity.

High altitudes in the mountains are also UV-prone areas. As altitude increases, proximity to the sun reduces the time UV rays take to reach you. Moreover, snow and ice reflect sunlight, intensifying UV radiation.

Even if you're spending the summer in the city, hazards persist. UV rays can reflect off vehicles, roads, metallic structures, and large glass-paneled buildings. Wide city streets sometimes offer little shade, posing direct exposure threats.
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### Understanding the UV Index & Protective Measures
The UV index, developed by scientists, measures UV radiation intensity:

— Low (0–2): Minimal sunburn risk; no protective measures required.

— Moderate (3–5): Slight sunburn risk; use sunblock (SPF 15+) and UV-protective sunglasses.

— High (6–7): Elevated sunburn risk; apply high-SPF sunblock, wear protective clothing, and avoid direct sunlight from 10 AM-4 PM.

— Very High (8–10): Significant sunburn risk; use SPF 50 sunblock and minimize sun exposure between 10 AM-4 PM.

— Extreme (11+): Acute sunburn threat; maximize sun protection. Exposed skin and eyes can suffer within minutes.

You can check your area's current UV index on our website in the detailed forecast. On sunny days, always review the UV index. If elevated, apply sunblock and avoid direct sunlight.

Sunlight and UV Dangers: A Guide to Safe Exposure

Остан Мазендеран

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